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International Human Rights Tribunal
The International Human Rights Tribunal (IHRT) took place in Vienna (Austria) in June 1995.〔Wiener Zeitung, June 10, 1995: ''Österreich auf der Anklagebank.'' (Put in the Dock )〕〔Internationales Menschenrechts-Tribunal: ''50 Jahre Zweite Republik - 50 Jahre Unterdrückung von Lesben und Schwulen.'' Wien, 9. bis 12. Juni 1995, Vorsitz: Freda Meissner-Blau und Gerhard Oberschlick.(of the Tribunal )〕〔Christian Michelides: ''Die Republik ist schuldig.'' Homosexualität und Strafrecht in Österreich, Teil 2: Die Verurteilungen seit 1950, in: Lambda Nachrichten 1/1996, 38-40 (Republic is Guilty: Homosexuality and Penal Code, Part 2: The Verdicts since 1950 )〕〔The IHRT was instigated by Christian Michelides in the Austrian Lesbian and Gay Forum, at its plenary session on November 1, 1994 at the Rosa Lila Villa in Vienna. During the debate preceding the vote, there was criticism of the term ''tribunal'', but Gudrun Hauer convinced the assembly that the reference to the Russell Tribunal was appropriate. Hermes Phettberg raised concerns that the LGBT community in Austria was too weak to carry out such an ambitious endeavour. Nevertheless the motion was approved by a solid majority. In: ''Die Resolutionen des 4. Österreichischen Lesben- und Schwulenforums'' Alpenglühen, ''Diskussionsbeiträge und Entscheidungen des Plenums vom 1. November 1994'', Wien 1996, p.17 (and Decisions of the Plenary, November 1, 1994 )〕 It was chaired by environmental and human rights activist Freda Meissner-Blau and Gerhard Oberschlick, editor of FORVM, and was dedicated to the persecution of lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender persons in Austria from 1945 to 1995.
==The International Committee==
As the organizers feared repressions by the Republic of Austria,〔At the time of the tribunal, in 1995, two paragraphs of the Austrian penal code still threatened every public endeavour of the LGBT community. §220 penalized the "Advertising for same-sex fornication and the fornication with animals" with up to six months of prison, §221 penalized the "Forming of associations benefiting same-sex fornication" with also up to six months of prison. Therefore all participants of the tribunal could have legally been brought to court and condemned.〕 they asked prominent figures from the international human rights community to join the International Committee and thus protect the endeavour. Although Queen Margrethe II of Denmark decided not to accept the offer to chair this committee, there was ample support worldwide. Amongst the members were Jacques Gaillot, bishop of Partenia, politicians Mel Read (UK), Svend Robinson (Canada), Claudia Roth (Germany) and Terezija Stoisits (Austria), writers Kuno Knöbl, Christine Nöstlinger and Gerhard Roth, developmentalist Robert Chambers (Frankfurt), sociologist Bernd Marin and human rights lawyer Manfred Nowak (both Vienna), political scientist Anton Pelinka (Innsbruck), as well as other academic scholars like Igor S. Kon (Moskow), Asa G. Rachmanova (Saint Petersburg), Douglas Sanders (Vancouver), Theo Sandfort (Utrecht) and Christopher Williams (Preston, UK), as well as human rights activists, publicists und LGBT activists from Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands, Norway and Peru.
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